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Sometimes more people have a recessive phenotype than a dominant one.”Ĭlark is used to chuckling or cringing through games whose pseudoscience distorts his specialty. “There’s a suggestion that recessive mutations are bad, which is not always the case,” Clark says. Another issue: Why purposefully create a clone that’s full of flaws? But beyond that, Kojima mischaracterized how heredity works. “It makes me laugh when he says, ‘I have all the recessive genes,’ because he’s not a clone, first of all, if he has a different genetic makeup from his clone brother,” Clark says. And as far as Clark is concerned, Liquid Snake’s biggest flaw isn’t his cursed genes, but his hazy understanding of science. He has the PhD and the long list of research papers to prove it. Clark is a human geneticist-that is, someone who studies human genetics, not a human who studies genetics (although that’s true too).

The real-life footage lends a patina of plausibility to Liquid’s monologue, at least for laypeople who care more about beating the game (and, perhaps, skipping past cutscenes) than scrutinizing the science.īut not if you’re someone like Michael Clark, a Bay Area gamer who studies DNA at his day job. As Liquid lays out the truth about their dad’s DNA, “soldier genes,” and “Genome Soldiers” with 180 IQs, Kojima intersperses non-computer-generated clips of actual lab-coat-clad technicians fussing with test tubes, microscopes, and computers. The only reason I exist is so they could create you.”

Everything was done so that you would be the greatest of his children. You got all the old man’s dominant genes.

“We’re twins linked by cursed genes,” Liquid reveals. Just before the final boss fight in Hideo Kojima’s 1998 PlayStation classic Metal Gear Solid, protagonist Solid Snake, held captive by his almost identical-looking antagonist Liquid Snake, listens as Liquid explains that the two are clone twins, products of a government supersoldier program.

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